Differences in the kinetics and scale of signalling molecule production modulate the ozone sensitivity of hybrid poplar clones: the roles of H2O2, ethylene and salicylic acid.
Identifieur interne : 004067 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 004066; suivant : 004068Differences in the kinetics and scale of signalling molecule production modulate the ozone sensitivity of hybrid poplar clones: the roles of H2O2, ethylene and salicylic acid.
Auteurs : Cecilia Diara [Italie] ; Antonella Castagna ; Barbara Baldan ; Anna Mensuali Sodi ; Tobias Sahr ; Christian Langebartels ; Luca Sebastiani ; Annamaria RanieriSource :
- The New phytologist [ 0028-646X ] ; 2005.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- ADN des plantes (génétique), Acide salicylique (métabolisme), Cinétique (MeSH), Expression des gènes (effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques), Gènes de plante (effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques), Lyases (génétique), Ozone (toxicité), Peroxyde d'hydrogène (métabolisme), Populus (effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques), Populus (génétique), Populus (métabolisme), Séquence nucléotidique (MeSH), Transduction du signal (effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques), Éthylènes (métabolisme).
- MESH :
- effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques : Expression des gènes, Gènes de plante, Populus, Transduction du signal.
- génétique : ADN des plantes, Lyases, Populus.
- métabolisme : Acide salicylique, Peroxyde d'hydrogène, Populus, Éthylènes.
- toxicité : Ozone.
- Cinétique, Séquence nucléotidique.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Base Sequence (MeSH), DNA, Plant (genetics), Ethylenes (metabolism), Gene Expression (drug effects), Genes, Plant (drug effects), Hydrogen Peroxide (metabolism), Kinetics (MeSH), Lyases (genetics), Ozone (toxicity), Populus (drug effects), Populus (genetics), Populus (metabolism), Salicylic Acid (metabolism), Signal Transduction (drug effects).
- MESH :
- chemical , genetics : DNA, Plant, Lyases.
- chemical , metabolism : Ethylenes, Hydrogen Peroxide, Salicylic Acid.
- drug effects : Gene Expression, Genes, Plant, Populus, Signal Transduction.
- genetics : Populus.
- metabolism : Populus.
- chemical , toxicity : Ozone.
- Base Sequence, Kinetics.
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), ethylene, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) and salicylic acid (SA) concentrations and ACC synthase (ACS) gene expression were measured to establish whether the high sensitivity of the Populus deltoides x maximowiczii clone Eridano to ozone (O(3)) exposure, compared with the O(3)-resistant Populus deltoides x euramericana clone I-214, is attributable to differences in the modulation of signal transduction pathways. In a time-course experiment, Populus deltoides (poplar) clones were exposed to acute fumigation with 150 nl l(-1) O(3) for 5 h. The two poplar clones showed differences in ethylene evolution, I-214 displaying earlier and less pronounced ethylene emission than Eridano. In both clones, ethylene evolution was accompanied by increased ACS transcript levels and enhanced emission of free ACC. I-214 exhibited a greater basal concentration of free SA and a lower concentration of the conjugated pool. However, a slight accumulation of free SA at the end of the 5-h exposure was found only in Eridano, together with an earlier minimal increase in the concentration of conjugated SA. The results show that both clones react to O(3) by producing H(2)O(2), ethylene and SA, but the difference in sensitivity to the pollutant is probably attributable to differences in the kinetics and magnitude of this response.
DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01514.x
PubMed: 16219075
Affiliations:
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Differences in the kinetics and scale of signalling molecule production modulate the ozone sensitivity of hybrid poplar clones: the roles of H2O2, ethylene and salicylic acid.</title><author><name sortKey="Diara, Cecilia" sort="Diara, Cecilia" uniqKey="Diara C" first="Cecilia" last="Diara">Cecilia Diara</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Crop Plant Biology, University of Pisa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Crop Plant Biology, University of Pisa</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pise</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Toscane</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Pise</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Castagna, Antonella" sort="Castagna, Antonella" uniqKey="Castagna A" first="Antonella" last="Castagna">Antonella Castagna</name></author><author><name sortKey="Baldan, Barbara" sort="Baldan, Barbara" uniqKey="Baldan B" first="Barbara" last="Baldan">Barbara Baldan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sodi, Anna Mensuali" sort="Sodi, Anna Mensuali" uniqKey="Sodi A" first="Anna Mensuali" last="Sodi">Anna Mensuali Sodi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sahr, Tobias" sort="Sahr, Tobias" uniqKey="Sahr T" first="Tobias" last="Sahr">Tobias Sahr</name></author><author><name sortKey="Langebartels, Christian" sort="Langebartels, Christian" uniqKey="Langebartels C" first="Christian" last="Langebartels">Christian Langebartels</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sebastiani, Luca" sort="Sebastiani, Luca" uniqKey="Sebastiani L" first="Luca" last="Sebastiani">Luca Sebastiani</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ranieri, Annamaria" sort="Ranieri, Annamaria" uniqKey="Ranieri A" first="Annamaria" last="Ranieri">Annamaria Ranieri</name></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2005">2005</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:16219075</idno><idno type="pmid">16219075</idno><idno type="doi">10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01514.x</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">003F44</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">003F44</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">003F44</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Curation">003F44</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">003F44</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Differences in the kinetics and scale of signalling molecule production modulate the ozone sensitivity of hybrid poplar clones: the roles of H2O2, ethylene and salicylic acid.</title><author><name sortKey="Diara, Cecilia" sort="Diara, Cecilia" uniqKey="Diara C" first="Cecilia" last="Diara">Cecilia Diara</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Crop Plant Biology, University of Pisa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Crop Plant Biology, University of Pisa</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pise</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Toscane</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Pise</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Castagna, Antonella" sort="Castagna, Antonella" uniqKey="Castagna A" first="Antonella" last="Castagna">Antonella Castagna</name></author><author><name sortKey="Baldan, Barbara" sort="Baldan, Barbara" uniqKey="Baldan B" first="Barbara" last="Baldan">Barbara Baldan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sodi, Anna Mensuali" sort="Sodi, Anna Mensuali" uniqKey="Sodi A" first="Anna Mensuali" last="Sodi">Anna Mensuali Sodi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sahr, Tobias" sort="Sahr, Tobias" uniqKey="Sahr T" first="Tobias" last="Sahr">Tobias Sahr</name></author><author><name sortKey="Langebartels, Christian" sort="Langebartels, Christian" uniqKey="Langebartels C" first="Christian" last="Langebartels">Christian Langebartels</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sebastiani, Luca" sort="Sebastiani, Luca" uniqKey="Sebastiani L" first="Luca" last="Sebastiani">Luca Sebastiani</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ranieri, Annamaria" sort="Ranieri, Annamaria" uniqKey="Ranieri A" first="Annamaria" last="Ranieri">Annamaria Ranieri</name></author></analytic><series><title level="j">The New phytologist</title><idno type="ISSN">0028-646X</idno><imprint><date when="2005" type="published">2005</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Base Sequence (MeSH)</term><term>DNA, Plant (genetics)</term><term>Ethylenes (metabolism)</term><term>Gene Expression (drug effects)</term><term>Genes, Plant (drug effects)</term><term>Hydrogen Peroxide (metabolism)</term><term>Kinetics (MeSH)</term><term>Lyases (genetics)</term><term>Ozone (toxicity)</term><term>Populus (drug effects)</term><term>Populus (genetics)</term><term>Populus (metabolism)</term><term>Salicylic Acid (metabolism)</term><term>Signal Transduction (drug effects)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>ADN des plantes (génétique)</term><term>Acide salicylique (métabolisme)</term><term>Cinétique (MeSH)</term><term>Expression des gènes (effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques)</term><term>Gènes de plante (effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques)</term><term>Lyases (génétique)</term><term>Ozone (toxicité)</term><term>Peroxyde d'hydrogène (métabolisme)</term><term>Populus (effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques)</term><term>Populus (génétique)</term><term>Populus (métabolisme)</term><term>Séquence nucléotidique (MeSH)</term><term>Transduction du signal (effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques)</term><term>Éthylènes (métabolisme)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>DNA, Plant</term><term>Lyases</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="metabolism" xml:lang="en"><term>Ethylenes</term><term>Hydrogen Peroxide</term><term>Salicylic Acid</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug effects" xml:lang="en"><term>Gene Expression</term><term>Genes, Plant</term><term>Populus</term><term>Signal Transduction</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques" xml:lang="fr"><term>Expression des gènes</term><term>Gènes de plante</term><term>Populus</term><term>Transduction du signal</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Populus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="génétique" xml:lang="fr"><term>ADN des plantes</term><term>Lyases</term><term>Populus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="metabolism" xml:lang="en"><term>Populus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="métabolisme" xml:lang="fr"><term>Acide salicylique</term><term>Peroxyde d'hydrogène</term><term>Populus</term><term>Éthylènes</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="toxicity" xml:lang="en"><term>Ozone</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="toxicité" xml:lang="fr"><term>Ozone</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Base Sequence</term><term>Kinetics</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Cinétique</term><term>Séquence nucléotidique</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), ethylene, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) and salicylic acid (SA) concentrations and ACC synthase (ACS) gene expression were measured to establish whether the high sensitivity of the Populus deltoides x maximowiczii clone Eridano to ozone (O(3)) exposure, compared with the O(3)-resistant Populus deltoides x euramericana clone I-214, is attributable to differences in the modulation of signal transduction pathways. In a time-course experiment, Populus deltoides (poplar) clones were exposed to acute fumigation with 150 nl l(-1) O(3) for 5 h. The two poplar clones showed differences in ethylene evolution, I-214 displaying earlier and less pronounced ethylene emission than Eridano. In both clones, ethylene evolution was accompanied by increased ACS transcript levels and enhanced emission of free ACC. I-214 exhibited a greater basal concentration of free SA and a lower concentration of the conjugated pool. However, a slight accumulation of free SA at the end of the 5-h exposure was found only in Eridano, together with an earlier minimal increase in the concentration of conjugated SA. The results show that both clones react to O(3) by producing H(2)O(2), ethylene and SA, but the difference in sensitivity to the pollutant is probably attributable to differences in the kinetics and magnitude of this response.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">16219075</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2005</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>07</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>30</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Print">0028-646X</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Print"><Volume>168</Volume><Issue>2</Issue><PubDate><Year>2005</Year><Month>Nov</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>The New phytologist</Title><ISOAbbreviation>New Phytol</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Differences in the kinetics and scale of signalling molecule production modulate the ozone sensitivity of hybrid poplar clones: the roles of H2O2, ethylene and salicylic acid.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>351-64</MedlinePgn></Pagination><Abstract><AbstractText>Hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), ethylene, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) and salicylic acid (SA) concentrations and ACC synthase (ACS) gene expression were measured to establish whether the high sensitivity of the Populus deltoides x maximowiczii clone Eridano to ozone (O(3)) exposure, compared with the O(3)-resistant Populus deltoides x euramericana clone I-214, is attributable to differences in the modulation of signal transduction pathways. In a time-course experiment, Populus deltoides (poplar) clones were exposed to acute fumigation with 150 nl l(-1) O(3) for 5 h. The two poplar clones showed differences in ethylene evolution, I-214 displaying earlier and less pronounced ethylene emission than Eridano. In both clones, ethylene evolution was accompanied by increased ACS transcript levels and enhanced emission of free ACC. I-214 exhibited a greater basal concentration of free SA and a lower concentration of the conjugated pool. However, a slight accumulation of free SA at the end of the 5-h exposure was found only in Eridano, together with an earlier minimal increase in the concentration of conjugated SA. The results show that both clones react to O(3) by producing H(2)O(2), ethylene and SA, but the difference in sensitivity to the pollutant is probably attributable to differences in the kinetics and magnitude of this response.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Diara</LastName><ForeName>Cecilia</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Crop Plant Biology, University of Pisa, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Castagna</LastName><ForeName>Antonella</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Baldan</LastName><ForeName>Barbara</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sodi</LastName><ForeName>Anna Mensuali</ForeName><Initials>AM</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sahr</LastName><ForeName>Tobias</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Langebartels</LastName><ForeName>Christian</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sebastiani</LastName><ForeName>Luca</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ranieri</LastName><ForeName>Annamaria</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>New Phytol</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>9882884</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0028-646X</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D018744">DNA, Plant</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D005030">Ethylenes</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>66H7ZZK23N</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D010126">Ozone</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>91GW059KN7</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="C036216">ethylene</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>BBX060AN9V</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D006861">Hydrogen Peroxide</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>EC 4.-</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D008190">Lyases</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>EC 4.4.1.14</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="C021773">1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylate synthase</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>O414PZ4LPZ</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D020156">Salicylic Acid</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D001483" MajorTopicYN="N">Base Sequence</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D018744" MajorTopicYN="N">DNA, Plant</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005030" MajorTopicYN="N">Ethylenes</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D015870" MajorTopicYN="N">Gene Expression</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000187" MajorTopicYN="N">drug effects</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D017343" MajorTopicYN="N">Genes, Plant</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000187" MajorTopicYN="N">drug effects</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006861" MajorTopicYN="N">Hydrogen Peroxide</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D007700" MajorTopicYN="N">Kinetics</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008190" MajorTopicYN="N">Lyases</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D010126" MajorTopicYN="N">Ozone</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000633" MajorTopicYN="Y">toxicity</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D032107" MajorTopicYN="N">Populus</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000187" MajorTopicYN="Y">drug effects</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="Y">metabolism</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D020156" MajorTopicYN="N">Salicylic Acid</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D015398" MajorTopicYN="N">Signal Transduction</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000187" MajorTopicYN="N">drug effects</QualifierName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2005</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>13</Day><Hour>9</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2005</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>13</Day><Hour>9</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2005</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>13</Day><Hour>9</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">16219075</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">NPH1514</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01514.x</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed><affiliations><list><country><li>Italie</li></country><region><li>Toscane</li></region><settlement><li>Pise</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université de Pise</li></orgName></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Baldan, Barbara" sort="Baldan, Barbara" uniqKey="Baldan B" first="Barbara" last="Baldan">Barbara Baldan</name><name sortKey="Castagna, Antonella" sort="Castagna, Antonella" uniqKey="Castagna A" first="Antonella" last="Castagna">Antonella Castagna</name><name sortKey="Langebartels, Christian" sort="Langebartels, Christian" uniqKey="Langebartels C" first="Christian" last="Langebartels">Christian Langebartels</name><name sortKey="Ranieri, Annamaria" sort="Ranieri, Annamaria" uniqKey="Ranieri A" first="Annamaria" last="Ranieri">Annamaria Ranieri</name><name sortKey="Sahr, Tobias" sort="Sahr, Tobias" uniqKey="Sahr T" first="Tobias" last="Sahr">Tobias Sahr</name><name sortKey="Sebastiani, Luca" sort="Sebastiani, Luca" uniqKey="Sebastiani L" first="Luca" last="Sebastiani">Luca Sebastiani</name><name sortKey="Sodi, Anna Mensuali" sort="Sodi, Anna Mensuali" uniqKey="Sodi A" first="Anna Mensuali" last="Sodi">Anna Mensuali Sodi</name></noCountry><country name="Italie"><region name="Toscane"><name sortKey="Diara, Cecilia" sort="Diara, Cecilia" uniqKey="Diara C" first="Cecilia" last="Diara">Cecilia Diara</name></region></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Bois/explor/PoplarV1/Data/Main/Exploration
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 004067 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd -nk 004067 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Bois
|area= PoplarV1
|flux= Main
|étape= Exploration
|type= RBID
|clé= pubmed:16219075
|texte= Differences in the kinetics and scale of signalling molecule production modulate the ozone sensitivity of hybrid poplar clones: the roles of H2O2, ethylene and salicylic acid.
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:16219075" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a PoplarV1
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.37. |  |